Sun

Sun

          Sun normal star among stars of the Milky Way Galaxy, yet it is the distinction of being the closest stars to Earth, as the ground is just the amount of 149.6 million kilometers, and has a diameter of 1.392 million kilometers; any that the equivalent of 109 times the diameter of Earth, and is equivalent to about 1,303,600 such as size the size of Earth, with a mass of about 332.946 times the mass of Earth, and the average density of 1.409 grams / cubic centimeter, and the sun revolves around the same speeds up at the equator is about 2 km / s, and less than this speed in the direction toward the poles.

          And knows the visible disk of the sun that appears to land class visible photosphere Photosphere. This seems like a class Kalqrs than to shine in the middle with him at parties, and look at the magnification mottled like granules, a result of the rush of gases burning up to distances of up to 8000 kilometers, and then go down to the bottom فتقل temperature and also appears on this layer black spots known as melasma Solar Sun Spots. A layer encapsulate visual bottom layer, a thickness of a few thousand kilometers, known as the colored layer Alkronosevir Chronosphere. Is shown when the sun Teixv seems as glowing red link. Above the colored layer class Corona (Corona) Corona,, and this layer is composed of gas rises to a few million kilometers and send the petition of these gases from Zia very few as it is immense. And sees this diadem clearly when total eclipse, with a temperature of about Koruna million degrees Celsius.

A - Sun Spots

Appear in the photosphere layer black spots called solar costs. These spots appear at regular intervals of about 11 and a half years, and costs resulting from solar shades black pull bombings that occur on the surface of the sun. These spots are small and lasts for a short time, and with a diameter of a few hundred kilometers, and the second type patches large diameter up to about 200 thousand kilometers.

The area of ​​the largest solar spot commissioned in 1974 about 120 times Earth disk space perspective of the sun. It was noted long ago that moving costs from east to west, always indicating the rotation of the sun on its axis.

B -Prominence

Are tongues awesome flame red scarlet rise from the surface of the sun to more than one million miles and speeds of up to 1000 km / sec, and are these tongues arcs and curves when push, as shown in Figure, they rush to a distance of 600 thousand kilometers horizontally and fold it to higher in one hour.

These tabs appear between regions and solar costs are often mollified and relatively small, whereas huge tongues quiet is not associated with solar Elv. And can monitoring Ahawaz by spectroscope and without the occurrence of a solar eclipse.

C - Solar Flares

It is a glow happens suddenly on the surface of the sun next to the solar costs, in the form of an explosion that lasts for a very short period (about 5 minutes). It appears in the form of small tongues of flame that will quickly disappear.

And appears on the disk of the sun glowing pull layer Alkronosevir, result glow some ionized like Hydrogen elements and calcium. These clouds are called as solar filaments incandescent. The shows at the same time on the surface of some wicks or black yarn, known as black fuzz Filaments and be associated with the flames, and this black wicks linked with solar costs. Fuzz shows in terms of intensity with heightened solar activity costs.